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قديم November 5, 2010, 11:32 PM
 
رد: موضوع انكليزي

هذا الموضوع عن حافظ إبرآهيم .. وإن شاء الله يفيدك


Hafez Ibrahim


Hafez Ibrahim is one of the literary revival poets and a disciple of Al Baroudi School. He focused on poetic expression and purity of language. He also reflected popular feelings and the sufferings of the poor classes. His poetry was a mirror of his age and a record of Egypt's national struggle against colonialism, political corruption and social backwardness. He was excellent in reciting poems, and an outstanding public speaker, hence known as "the polestar of all literary gatherings".

His poetry was characterized by patriotism, charming rhythm and deep impact on recipients. Ibrahim's poetry teemed with innovative themes and covered all walks of life. He called for Arab unity and expressed the disintegration and sufferings of the Arabs, dreaming of the restoration of their great past glory.

Birth and education:
He was born on February, 4, 1871, in a floating boat on the Nile near Dyroute barrage in Upper Egypt. His father was an irrigation engineer and his mother was Turkish. His father died when he was 14. So, he moved to live with his uncle in Tanta, where he met Sheikh Abdel Wahab El Nagar who sensed his poetic talent and literary interests. So, he encouraged him to read books of literature, particularly AI Aghani (The Book of Songs) by Al Asfahani. He led a hard life. He tried to be a lawyer for his eloquence, but failed due to his preoccupation with poetry.

He believed that the Nile was the land, man, history, the past, the present, the future, welfare and beauty. It is said that his birth in a floating boat on the Nile had a strong influence on his poetry and personality. He thought that the start and end of all relations was the Nile. All his poems never lacked a line on the Nile. So, he was called "Poet of the Nile".

In 1891, he joined the military school. In so doing, he was influenced by Al Baroudi who was a poet and an officer. After graduation, he worked at the Ministry of Defence for 3 years, then transferred to the Ministry of Interior for one year, then back again to the Ministry of Defence until 1900, where he took part in an expedition to quell a mutiny against British officers in the Sudan. So, he was transferred to provisional retirement and returned to Cairo to remain jobless until 1911.

At that time, life was full of various events such as political corruption and social backwardness. He contacted many leaders in the intellectual, political and social domains, particularly Sheikh Muhammad Abdu. He played an active role in these events expressing the feelings of the popular classes and used his poetry as a weapon against colonialism. His poetry was an expression of all the political and social issues of that time.

In 1911, he was appointed at Dar AI Kutub (National Library), then Head of the literary Department until he retired in February 1932. He died on July 21, 1932. He expanded the scope of his knowledge of Arabic culture by reading old Arabic poetry by Abou Nawas, Abou Tammam, Bashar Bin Burd and others. If he came across any elegant lines or meanings he would commit them to memory. He was always keen to benefit from encounters with the nation's scientists and intellectuals such as those of Imam Mohamed Abdou, the political leader of the nation, Saad Zaghloul, and the national leader Mustapha Kamel others.

He would listen to their discussions of theological issues, political and social problems, and their solutions. He also frequented literary clubs where he met the great poet Khalil Mutran. Hafez Ibrahim was well-versed in French which helped him read French literature. He translated Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables", and some of Jean Jacques Rousseau's works.

Together with Khalil Mutran he also translated a book on economics called "A Summary of Economics". He was introduced to English literature through the numerous translations he read.

His Works:
1 - Poetry Egypt Speaks for Itself, Foreign Sanctions, Perfect Mother, New Hijira Year, Arabic Language, and The Reception of Lord Karmer..... etc.

2 - Prose "Sotih's Nights" in which he mocked the contradicting social conditions. He wrote a book on political economy. He translated Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and Victor Hogue's " Les Miserable". He printed his collection of poems in three volumes between 1901 to 1922. After his death all his poems were collected in one volume that covered other poems not published in the first edition.

Awards:
He was granted the "Bey Title " by the Khedive in 1912. In 1928, when he visited Lebanon, a party was given in his honor by some of the most prominent intellectuals.
When he visited Syria with Khalil Moutran, the poet, the Academy of Science in Damascus held a ceremony in his honor.

In 1957, the Ministry of Culture honored him in the 25th anniversary of his death.

In 1977, the Ministry of Culture held a literary ceremony about "Karmat lbn Hani", at Ahmed Shawki's House" on the 50th anniversary of his death.
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استغفر الله الذي لآ إله الإ هو الحي القيوم وأتوب إليه
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